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Different properties and qualities, or lack of them in the majority of commercial offerings
Forland, D. T., Johnson, E., Tryggestad, A. M., Lyberg, T., & Hetland, G. (2009). An extract based on the medicinal mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill stimulates monocyte-derived dendritic cells to cytokine and chemokine production in vitro. Cytokine, .
Abstract: The edible mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), which has been used in traditional medicine against a range of diseases and possess immunomodulating properties, probably due to its high content of beta-glucans. Others and we have demonstrated stimulatory effects of extracts of this mushroom on different immune cells. Dendritic cells are major directors of immune function. We wanted to examine the effect of AbM stimulation on signal substance release from monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC). After 6d incubation with IL-4 and GM-CSF, the cells were true MDDC. Then the cells were further incubated with up to 10% of the AbM-based extract, AndoSan, LPS (0.5mug/ml) or PBS control. We found that the AbM extract promoted dose-dependent increased levels of IL-8, G-CSF, TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and MIP-1beta, in that order. The synthesis of IL-2, IL-8 and IFNgamma were similar for the AbM extract and LPS. However, AndoSan induced a 10- to 2-fold higher production than did LPS of G-CSF, TNFalpha and IL-1beta, respectively. AbM did not induce increased synthesis of Th2 or anti-inflammatory cytokines or the Th1 cytokine IL-12. We conclude that stimulation of MDDC with an AbM-based extract resulted in increased production of proinflammatory, chemotactic and some Th1-type cytokines in vitro.
Inuzuka H, Y. T. (2002). Clinical Utility of ABCL(Agaricus Mushroom Extract) Treatment for C-Type Hepatitis. Japanese Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 30(2), 103–107.
Abstract: The aims of present study are to investigate the clinical effects and safety evaluation on human volunteers with elevated .GAMMA.-GTP activity for Agaricus Blazei Condensed Liquid(Agaricus Mushroom Extract; ABCL). Agaricus extracts have various physiological active substances such as .BETA.-glucan protein complex, and various other polysaccharides. Specially, .BETA.-glucan activates cellular immunological system of macrophages and/or lymphocytes and stimulates secretion of various cytokines. A total of 20 patients(50% of men) with chronic C-type hepatites received the ABCL orally twice a day for 8 weeks. Clinical decreasing effect for serum .GAMMA.-GTP activity was found in 80% of the patients in both sexes. The toxicological findings and other side effects were not observed at all. From these results, it is considered that the ABCL is useful for patients with light hepatopathy such as C-type hepatitis. (author abst.)
KURIHARA TAKESHI, D. E. G. U. C. H. I. S. H. O. K. O., TAMAI NORIO, YANAGISAWA AKIKO, TANAKA YOSHIKI, FURUKAWA MIDORI, TSUCHIYA MARIKO, AKIMOTO MASUMI, YOKOYAMA IZUMI. (1999). Effects of Agaricus Hexoses of Carbohydrate Complex -Agaricus HCC- for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C. Journal of Clinical Therapeutics & Medicines, 15(1), 107–111.
Abstract: Interferon(IFN) therapy for the treatment of type C chronic hepatitis has been commonly used; however, efficacy rate remains only 30% to 40%, and many of patients still need other concomitant drugs. In this study, we gave Agaricus Hexoses of Carbohydrate Complex(Agaricus HCC), a protein polysaccharide extracted from mycelia of Agaricus Blazei Murrllil, a Brazilian mushroom to patients with type C chronic hepatitis, and measured GPT and NK cell activity. After Agaricus HCC at 3g daily was orally given for 3 months to 15 patients(10 males and 5 females), GPT significantly decreased to 98.1.+-.34.0IU/l 1 month, and 94.2.+-.30.2IU/l 3 months after administration, compared with 135.5.+-.52.4IU/l, baseline value. NK cell activity significantly increased to 61.5.+-.13.1% 1 month, and 62.9.+-.13.5% 3 months after administration, compared with 53.6.+-.15.6%, baseline value. These suggest that Agaricus HCC has anti-inflammatory mechanism and may suppress progression of chronic hepatitis. (author abst.)
Marina M. Padilha, A. A. L. A., Pergentino J.C. Sousa, Luis Gustavo V. Cardoso, Fábio F. Perazzo, José Carlos T. Carvalho. (2009). Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aqueous and Alkaline Extracts from Mushrooms (Agaricus blazei Murill). Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(2), 359–364.
Abstract: The effects of aqueous and alkaline extracts from Agaricus blazei Murill, an edible mushroom used as folk medicine in Brazil, Japan, and China to treat several illnesses, were investigated on the basis of the inflammatory process induced by different agents. Oral administration of A. blazei extracts marginally inhibited the edema induced by nystatin. In contrast, when complete Freund's adjuvant was used as the inflammatory stimulus, both extracts were able to inhibit this process significantly (P < .05, analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post hoc test), although it inhibited the granulomatous tissue induction moderately. These extracts were able to decrease the ulcer wounds induced by stress. Also, administration of extracts inhibited neutrophil migration to the exudates present in the peritoneal cavity after carrageenin injection. Therefore, it is possible that A. blazei extracts can be useful in inflammatory diseases because of activation of the immune system and its cells induced by the presence of polysaccharides such as β-glucans.
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Masahiko Higashiyama, K. O., Jiro Okami, Jun Maeda, Ken Kodama, Fumio Imamura. (2009). Malignant pleural mesothelioma with long-term tumor disappearance of a local relapse after surgery: a case report. J Med Case Reports, 3, 6800.
Abstract: Introduction
There have been few reports of spontaneous regression of malignant pleural mesothelioma, but the mechanism for this is unknown. We present a case report on a patient with malignant pleural mesothelioma showing apparent tumor disappearance in a local relapse after surgery.
Case presentation
A 73-year-old man presented with malignant pleural mesothelioma in the right thoracic cavity. A pleurectomy was performed, and as expected, the tumor locally relapsed with increasing chest pain. However, the symptoms suddenly improved while the tumor was apparently reduced, and spontaneous tumor regression was initially considered. The patient confessed that he had self-administered a mushroom extract with alternative parasympathetic nerve stimulation therapy thereafter. The complete disappearance of the tumor was clinically achieved during a 29-month follow-up with continuing self-treatment.
Conclusion
This is the first report describing a malignant pleural mesothelioma patient in Japan showing long-term complete disappearance of a local relapse after surgery. This event was a tumor regression possibly due to an immunological effect of combined complementary and alternative therapy. The alternative therapy was Agaricus blazei Murill – Agaricus blazei Murill Kyowa
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While Agaricus blazei is unique and extraordinary in many ways, for purely commercial reasons most varieties placed in the market do not show the properties or qualities of original mushroom or with which investigations are carried out - neither amazing clinical cases that have made famous that mushroom. More profitable products, capsules, tablets, ... would be even worse.
